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Arab Liberation Front ((アラビア語:جبهة التحرير العربية, ''Jabhet Al-Tahrir Al-'Arabiyah'')) is a minor Palestinian political group, previously controlled by the Iraqi-led Ba'ath movement, formed in 1969 by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and then headed by Saddam Hussein. ALF is a member of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). == History and background == The ALF was founded in April 1969, as a front of the Iraqi-led faction of the Ba'ath Party of Iraq, then led by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr. The ALF has always followed Iraqi government policy on all matters. In line with the Pan-Arab ideology of the Ba'ath Party, the ALF was initially opposed to "Palestinization" of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, preferring to argue in terms of the wider Arab World's war with Israel, which it regarded as under the natural leadership of Iraq. The ALF was the main group active in Iraq's small Palestinian population of approximately 34,000, but a very minor group in all other Palestinian communities. It has maintained a small following in the refugee camps of Lebanon, and has a minuscule presence in the Palestinian territories. Samir Sanunu is the representative of ALF in Lebanon.〔(دنيا الوطن - مسيرة جماهيرية حاشدة في مخيم عين الحلوه لمناسبة الذكرى السنوية الثالثه لاستشهاد القائد القومي والوطني ابو العباس )〕 The first leader of ALF was its secretary-general, Zeid Heidar. Heidar was born in Syria in the 1930s into a family of Arab nationalists. In 1956 he joined the Ba'ath Party in Syria. In 1968 he went to Iraq after the coup and was a part of the Ba'ath Party in Iraq. In 1969, he was appointed by the government of Iraq secretary-general of the Ba'ath Party in Palestine, the ALF. In June 1969 the ALF became a member of the newly formed PLO, a device for Iraq to be able to influence the PLO and the events in Palestine. In 1974, the ALF joined the Rejectionist Front, initially strongly backed by Iraq, which was formed by hard-line Palestinian factions which rejected what they perceived as the increasing moderation of the PLO. After the PLO entered into the Oslo Accords with Israel, the ALF opposed the accords, in line with Iraqi government policy. This brought about a split in the ALF in 1993, with a pro-Arafat Oslo faction becoming the Palestinian Arab Front and re-locating to the Palestinian territories;〔(Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism ). By Mathieu Guidère. p.32.〕 while the remainder of the ALF remaining in the Rejectionist Front. Other leaders of ALF have included Munif al-Razzaz, Abd al-Wahhab al-Kayyali and Abd al-Rahim Ahmad. al-Kayyali became secretary-general in at least 1972-74, and served on the PLO Executive Council from January 1973. He was assassinated in Beirut in 1981 by unidentified gunmen.〔Arab Gateway: (PALESTINE WHO'S WHO )〕 Ahmad was the secretary-general from 1975 (possibly 1974) until his death in 1991, and was a member of PLO Executive Council from 1977.〔Arab Gateway: (PALESTINE WHO'S WHO )〕 The present secretary-general is Rakad Salem (Abu Mahmoud) who was held in Israeli jail between 2001 and 2006.〔http://safaimages.photoshelter.com/image/I0000GJ4qMZW0Ofo〕 The ALF gained some significance during the al-Aqsa Intifada, which started in 2000, as a distributor of financial contributions from the Iraqi government to families of "martyrs" with extra grants for the families of suicide bombers.〔(How Saddam Hussein’s régime transferred funds from Iraq to the West Bank and Gaza Strip to encourage Palestinian terrorism ) Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies (C.S.S) August, 2005〕〔(Iraq pays suicide bonus to entice new bombers ) Paul McGeough, ''The Age'', March 26, 2002〕 After the 2003 American invasion of Iraq, fall of the Saddam Hussein's Ba'athist government, and dissolution of the Ba'ath Party, large numbers of the Palestinian refugees who had been living in Iraq were forced to flee Iraq, and many ALF members fled the country for security reasons for Lebanon and the West Bank.〔〔electronicintifada: (Palestinian Refugees of Iraq )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arab Liberation Front」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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